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Just under 14 degrees north of the Equator, Bangkok is a tropical metropolis that is also one of the most traveller-friendly cities in Asia. A furious assault on the senses, visitors are immediately confronted by the heat, the pollution and the irrepresible smile that accompanies all Thais. Despite the sensationalized international news reports and first impressions, the city is surprisingly safe and more organized than it initially appears, and full of hidden gems waiting to be discovered. The high relative humidity and warm temperature favor the growth of tropical plants — you'll find exotic orchids and delicious fruit everywhere. Bougainvillea and frangipani bloom practically everywhere. Thai cuisine is justifiably famous, varied, and affordable. Bangkok for many, represents the quintessential Asian capital. Saffron-robed monks, garish neon signs, graceful Thai architecture, spicy dishes, colourful markets, traffic jams, and the tropical climate come together in a happy coincidence. It is difficult to leave with lukewarm impressions of the city.

History

Bangkok (originally Bang Makok meaning ‘The Village of Olives’) was a small village on the banks of the Chao Phraya river, until a new capital was founded on the west bank (present-day Thonburi) after the fall of Ayutthaya. In 1782, King Rama I built a palace on the east bank (now Rattanakosin) and renamed the city as Krung Thep, as it is now known to Thais and which in English is tranlated to the 'City of Angels'. The full name is listed as the world's longest place name by the Guinness Book of Records; an English rendering goes like this: "Krung thep mahanakhon amorn ratanakosin mahintharayutthaya mahadilok pop noparatratchathani burirom udomratchanivetmahasathan amornpiman avatarnsathit sakkathattiyavisnukarmprasit" -- "The city of angels, the great city, the residence of the Emerald Buddha, the impregnable city (of Ayutthaya) of God Indra, the grand capital of the world endowed with nine precious gems, the happy city, abounding in an enormous Royal Palace that resembles the heavenly abode where reigns the reincarnated god, a city given by Indra and built by Vishnukarn"). The original village has long since ceased to exist, but for some reason foreigners never caught on to the change.

Modern-day is predominantly Thai-Chinese and they make up the majority of the registered Bangkokian, however the city is a second home to millions of upcountry Thai-Thai folk who come to make a living. The city is also home to a remarkable array of expats from all over the world, with districts inhabited by Chinese, Indians, Japanese, Koreans, Arabs and many more.

Addresses and Navigation

Addresses in Bangkok use the Thai addressing system, which may be a little confusing to the uninitiated. Large roads such as Silom or Sukhumvit are thanon (ถนน), often abbreviated Th or glossed "Road/Avenue", while the side streets branching off from them are called soi (ซอย). Sois are numbered, with even numbers on one side and odd ones on the other. Thus, an address like "25 Soi Sukhumvit 3" means house/building number 25 on the 3rd soi of Sukhumvit Road. While the soi numbers on each side will always advance upward, the numbers often do not advance evenly between sides - for example, Soi 55 could be across from soi 36. Many well-known sois have an additional name, which can be used instead of the number. Soi 3 is also known as "Soi Nana", so the address above might thus also be expressed as "25 Soi Nana". The extension /x is used for new streets created between existing streets, as seen in Sukhumvit's soi pattern 7, 7/1, 7/2, 9, 11. Note that some short alleys are called trok (ตรอก) instead of soi.

To make things a little more complex, some large sois like Soi Ekamai (Sukhumvit Soi 63) and Soi Ari (Phahonyothin Soi 7) have their own sois. In these cases an address like "Soi Ari 3" means "the 3rd soi off Soi Ari", and you may even spot addresses like "68/2 Soi Ekamai 4, Sukhumvit 63 Road", meaning "2nd house beside house 68, 4th soi off Ekamai, the 63rd soi of Sukhumvit". In many sois the house numbers are not simply increasing, but may spread around.

To further bewilder the tourist who doesn't read Thai, the renderings of Thai street names in the Latin alphabet are not consistent. The road running towards the (former) airport from the Victory Monument may be spelled Phahon Yothin or Pahon Yothin or Phahonyothin or Phaholyothin depending on which street sign or map you consult. It's all the same in Thai, of course, only the romanisation varies.

And if that's not confusing enough, most of the larger streets tend to change names altogether every few kilometers. Sukhumvit is called Sukhumvit on one side of the tollway (roughly east), but it becomes Ploenchit just before you cross Thanon Witthayu (aka Wireless) going towards the river. Keep going just a few more streets and it becomes Thanon PraRam Neung (usually said as just Rama I) after you pass Thanon Ratchadamri. But if you were to turn right onto Ratchadamri, in just a few blocks you'll find yourself on Thanon Ratchaprarop (past Petchaburi, aka New Phetburi, which is called Phitsanulok closer to the river). Got it?

But wait, there's logic to these name changes: most of them are neighborhoods. It wouldn't make sense to call the road Sukhumvit if it's no longer running through the Sukhumvit area, would it? Thus, Sukhumvit becomes Ploenchit where it runs though the Ploenchit area. It's when you're able to grasp the city in terms of its neighborhoods that it both becomes more navigable and more charming. Likewise, Pratunam and Chatuchak are much more than just markets; they're boroughs, each with its own distinct character.

Related to this last point, compass directions are not widely used by Thais to navigate in Bangkok. That's probably because they aren't very useful; the city's Darwinistic layout, the changing street names, the winding river, and the lack of obvious landmarks all conspire to confuse your internal compass. Thus, asking for directions in terms of "Is that west from here?" will probably earn you little more than a confused look from a local. You're better off to familiarize yourself with the neighborhoods and navigate to and from them. "How do I get to Thonglor?" will get you there faster than asking for directions to Sukhumvit Soi 55.

One exception: the Chao Phyra River is the landmark in Bangkok, and many directional references can be made as "toward the river" or "away from the river". If you aren't too close, that is: since the river winds around the most popular tourist areas, river references tend to be most helpful when you're wandering farther afield than Banglamphu or Sanam Luang or Rattana. And wander you should.

Photos from Bangkok, Thailand

Events

All of Thailand's major festivals are celebrated in Bangkok, see Thailand#Holidays for the full scoop.

Chinese New Year Festival. The place to go is naturally Bangkok's Chinatown, Yaowarat, where the main road is closed to cars and many stores and food stands crowd the road, with grandiose and colourful Chinese lion and dragon processions.

Bangkok Songkran Festival. The traditional Thai New Year is an occasion for merriment all over the city, but most notably at Sanam Luang, near the Grand Palace, where the revered Phra Phuttha Sihing image is displayed and bathed by devotees. In the Wisutkasat area, a Miss Songkran beauty contest is held and accompanied by merit-making and entertainment. Khao San Road degenerates into a war zone as farangs and locals duke it out with super soakers.

Royal Ploughing Ceremony, May An ancient Brahman ritual, conducted at Sanam Luang, is what farmers believe is able to forecast the abundance of the next rice crop. The event is a result of a series of ceremonies that are conducted by Phraya Raek Na, portrayed by a high-ranking official who wears colourful traditional costumes. This ceremony was re-introduced in 1960 by H.M. King Bhumibol Adulyadej and is considered the official commencement of the rice-growing season, as well as the rainy season. Nowadays, the ceremony is conducted by the Crown Prince.

Trooping of the Colours, December. Their majesties the King and Queen preside over this impressive annual event, held in the Royal Plaza near the equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn. Dressed in colourful uniforms, amid much pomp and ceremony, members of the elite Royal Guards swear allegiance to the King and march past members of the Royal Family.

HM The King’s Birthday Celebrations December 5. Ratchadamri Road and the Grand Palace are elaborately decorated and illuminated, and in the evening hundreds of thousands line the route from Sanam Luang to Chitlada Palace to get a glimpse of the King when he is slowly chauffeur-driven past.

Cultural performances

The National Theatre (โรงละครแห่งชาติ), located on Na Phra That Road next to the National Museum, is the official centre of Thai classical performance. Call 0 2224 1342, 0 2222 1092 for a current programme.

Thailand Cultural Centre (ศูนย์วัฒนธรรมแห่งประเทศไทย), on Ratchadaphisek Road, is a fully integrated venue for social education and cultural activities. Call 0 2247 0028 for a current programme. or www.culture.go.th.

Chalerm Krung Royal Theatre (เฉลิมกรุงรอยัลเธียเตอร์) is located on Charoen Krung Road (New Road) near the Old Siam Plaza. Thai dramas and plays are usually held while Khon or Thai musical dance drama is a special event that is staged occasionally. Call 0 2225 8757-8, 0 2623 8148-9 for more information.

Traditional Thai Puppet Theatre (นาฏยศาลา หุ่นละครเล็ก) is located within the same area as Suan Lum Night Bazaar and presents the Hun Lakhon Lek puppet show. The establishment of this theatre was inspired by the intention of Master Sakhon Yangkhieosot or Joe Louis, the National Artist of 1996, who wished to preserve the art of operating Hun Lakhon Lek puppets. In operating the puppets, the puppeteers require basic skills of Khon performance as they will have to also move their footsteps and hand gestures to coincide with those of the puppets. Each puppet is operated by three puppeteers, lending it lifelike movements. Hun Lakhon Lek usually performs the story of Ramakian, the Thai version of the Ramayana epic. Sakhon Nattasin is currently the only performing troupe of Hun Lakhon Lek in Thailand. The troupe received the Thailand Tourism Award presented by the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) in 2000 in the category of Recreational Attraction.

There is 1 daily show of Hun Lakhon Lek at 7.30 p.m. There is also a corner inside the theatre where Khon mask making is demonstrated, with a gallery of the Hun Lakhon Lek puppets and their background. The theatre is open during 5 p.m. - 9.45 p.m. Admission: Adult 900 baht; Child 300 baht Tel: 0 2252 9683-4 or www.joelouis-theater.com

Patravadi Theatre (ภัทราวดีเธียเตอร์) is near Wat Rakhang, Thon Buri. Renowned for its lavish productions, this outdoor theatre has gained popularity through its modern adaptations of classical Asian literature, with each play demonstrating an ingenious blend of various theatrical techniques. Showtime is on Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Call 0 2412 7287-8 or www.patravaditheatre.com for a current programme.

Siam Niramit (สยามนิรมิต) is located on Thiam Ruam Mit Road, diagonally across from the Thailand Cultural Centre, next to the Embassy of the Republic of Korea (South Korea), Khet Huai Khwang. It has state-of-the-art cultural performances which have achieved international standards. It uses special techniques integrated with drama to depict the history of each region of Thailand. The story also includes depictions about hells, the forest of Himmaphan, heavens and lands beyond imagination from Thai literature, all of which are influenced by the Thai common beliefs. There is also a spectacular performance of Thailand’s arts and cultural heritage. The show is staged by more than 150 performers in a luxurious theatre with a capacity of more than 2,000 seats. The showtime is at 8.00 p.m. only and the ticket costs Bt1,500. Before admiring the performances, visitors can walk outside the theatre to see typical Thai houses in various styles depending on the four different regions. Food and drink shops are available. For further information, please contact Tel. 0 2649 9222, or Fax. 0 2649 9200 or www.siamniramit.com.

Pamper

Bangkok is an extremely popular place for all sorts of pampering. The options available range from massages and spa treatments to haircuts and manicures and even cosmetic surgery, all at prices far lower than in the West.

All self-respecting hotels in Bangkok will have a spa operating on premises offering at least traditional massage services. These tend to charge a premium but also offer some the best treatments in town. Particularly well-regarded spas include Deverana [45] at the Dusit Thani and the eponymous operations at Banyan Tree [46] and the legendary Oriental [47] — the last of these being probably the most expensive in town, offering (among other things) a 6-hour Oriental Romance package for two costing a whopping US$535.

Independent spas offer much the same experience but are a little more competitive due to the lack of a captive customer base. Figure on 1000 baht and up per hour for most treatments.

The ubiquitous little massage shops found on every street corner in town, offer the best value for money but the smallest range of services, with offerings usually limited to massage only. It is fairly easy to distinguish legitimate massage shops from more dubious places: the real deal will charge 250-400 baht for a typical two-hour massage and will often have a row of beefy farmers' daughters in white coats working on customers' feet in public view, while the other kind has wispy things in evening dresses and too much makeup yelling "Hello handsome" at every passing male.

Bangkok's hospitals offer generally high quality services at a fraction of the cost of a Western hospital. Probably the best-regarded (and most expensive) is Bumrungrad [48], which (for example) charges 60,000 baht for an all-inclusive breast implant package. Bangkok is also well known as a center for sexual reassignment surgery for people wishing to change their physical sex, although this falls out of the scope of a casual vacation.

Sightseeing Along the Chao Phraya River - There are special boat trips designed for foreign tourists along the Chao Phraya River to take in sites such as the Grand Palace. They are quite pointless though, as the public passenger ferry does exactly the same trip. In fact, they are even better as they go all the way up to Nonthaburi Town. For a good trip take a public passenger ferry from near the Saphan Taksin BTS skytrain station and go up to Nonthaburi Town, enjoy the afternoon in this pleasant laid back traditional urban town and take the boat back.

Thai Boxing Muay Thai or Thai boxing is both a sport and means of self defence. Contestants are allowed to use almost any part of their body: feet, elbows, legs, knees, and shoulders, are all weapons. The playing of traditional music during bouts makes for even greater excitement.

Boxing Stadiums: There are two venues in Bangkok for this type of sport.

Ratchadamnoen Stadium (สนามมวยราชดำเนิน), Ratchadamnoen Nok Road, open every Monday, Wednesday and Thursday at 6.30 p.m.-10.30 p.m., and Sunday at 5 p.m.-8 p.m. and 8.30 p.m.-12.00 p.m. Tel: 0 2281 4205, 0 2281 0879, 0 2280 1684-6.
Lumphini Stadium (สนามมวยลุมพินี), Rama IV Road, every Tuesday and Friday at 6.30 p.m. and Saturday at 5 p.m. and 8.30 p.m. Tel: 0 2251 4303, 0 2252 8765.

Spas - Spas, traditionally, were towns where public baths, hospitals or hotels were built on top of mineral springs so that people could come and make use of the healing properties found in the water and its mud for medical purposes.

These days, a spa doesn’t have to be a town built on natural thermal springs. It can be a place anywhere that anyone can go to, to relax in tranquil surroundings with a variety of treatment administered to recontour and rejuvenate the body and mind.

Spa Operators

Banyan Tree Spa, 39th floor of Thai Wah Tower II, South Sathon Road, Sathon, Bangkok Tel: 0 2679 1052, 0 2679 1054 www.banyantree.com.
Grand Spa & Fitness Club, Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit Hotel, 250 Sukhumvit Road. Tel: 0 2649 8121.
JW’s Health Club & Spa, JW Marriott Hotel, Soi 2 Sukhumvit Road. Tel: 0 2656 7700.
Health Land Spa, - Sri Nakharin 70/21 Mu 2 Sri Nakharin Road, Nong Bon, Bangkok Tel: 0 2748 8135-9, 0 2746 5376-8 ; Sathon 20 North Sathon Road, Bangkok Tel: 0 2637 8883 ; Pinklao 142/6 Charansanitwong Road, Arun Amarin, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok Tel: 0 2882 4888 or www.healthlandspa.com
Let’s Relax Sukhumvit Tel: 0 2662 6935-7, Ratchadapisek Tel: 0 2643 8422-4 www.bloomingspa.com
Oriental Spa, 48 Oriental Hotel, Oriental Avenue. Tel: 0 2659 0444. www.mandarinoriental.com.
The Royal Natural Spa 878 Rama IV Road, Si Phraya, Bang Rak, Bangkok Tel: 0 2637 1032-3 www.royalnaturalspa.com/
The Spa, in Four Season Bangkok Hotel, 155 Ratchadamri Road. Tel: 0 2250 1000
Thai Privilege Spa - Central World, 1002-3, 3 rd floor Central World Tower ; 999/9 Rama I Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok Tel: 0 2646 1973-8 www.thaiprivilegespa.com ; 79, 3 rd floor Central Plaza Ratchada (Rama III), Sathu Pradit Chong Nonsi, Yannawa, Bangkok Tel: 0 2673 5740-2
Spa de Vie Zenith Sukhumvit Hotel 4th floor, Sukhumvit Soi 3, Bangkok Tel: 0 2655 4999 www.zenith-hotel.com

Golf - see Golf in Thailand - Bangkok.

To escape the pressures and rowdiness of the concrete city, golf in Thailand has risen to be one of the most popular activities to help ease the mind and body. Located in and around the capital are some top-notch courses of only the highest international standards. An abundance of foreigners these days come to Thailand, specifically to play golf and the numbers continue to go up and up each year.

Golf Courses (in and around Bangkok)

Chachoengsao

Bangpakong Riverside Country Club (สนามกอล์ฟบางปะกงริเวอร์ไซด์ คันทรี คลับ) 49 Mu 2, Sanpudart, Banpho, Chachoengsao Tel: 0 3851 3523-5, 08 1761 7034, 08 1761, 4874 Fax: 0 3851 3526 www.brc-golfcourse.com (18 holes)
Royal LakesideGolf Club(รอยัล เลค ไซด์ กอล์ฟ คลับ) 150 Mu 3, Bangna-Trat Road (Km.51), Tambon Takham, Bang Pakong, Chachoengsao Tel: 0 3857 3275-9 Fax: 0 3857 3281 www.royallakeside.com (18 holes)
Thai Country Club (ไทย คันทรี คลับ) 88 Mu 1 Bangna-Trat Road (Km.35.5), Tambon Pimpa, Bang Pakong, Chachoengsao Tel: 0 3857 0234-46, 0 2651 5300-6 Fax: 0 3857 0225, 0 2651 5307 www.thaicountryclub.com (18 holes)

Nonthaburi

Royal Irrigation Department Golf Course (สนามกอล์ฟชลประทาน) Tivanon Road, Pak Kred, Nonthaburi Tel: 0 2583 6060-9 ext. 269, 0 2962 3686 (9 holes)

Pathum Thani

Alpine Golf Club (สโมสรอัลไพน์กอล์ฟ คลับ) 99 Mu 9, Bangkhan-Sathaneevithyu Road, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Tel: 0 2577 3333 fax: 0 2577 7100-2 www.alpinegolfclub.com (18 holes)
Bangkok Golf Club (บางกอก กอล์ฟ คลับ) 99 Mu 2, Tiwanon Road, Bang Krad, Mueang District, Pathum Thani Tel:0 2501 2822-9, 0 2501 2771-6 Fax: 0 2501 2810 www.golf.th.com (18 holes)
Chuan Chuen Golf Club (ชวนชื่น กอล์ฟ คลับ) 100 Mu 8, Bangkok-Pathumthani Road, Bang Khuwad, Mueang District, Pathum Thani Tel: 0 2598 2699, 0 2598 2839 (18 holes) www.golfcoursethailand.com
Krung Kavee Golf Course & Country Club Estate (สนามกอล์ฟกรุงกวี) Km.9 Rangsit-Nakhon Nayok Road, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani Tel: 0 2577 4141 Fax: 0 2577 2894 www.krungkavee.com (18 holes)
Lam Luk Ka Country Club (ลำลูกกา คันทรี คลับ) 29 Mu 7, Lam Luk Ka Khlong 11, Lamsai, Pathum Thani Tel: 0 2995 2300-4, 0 2995 2312-5 Fax: 0 2995 2305 www.lamlukkagolf.net (36 holes)
Muang- Ake Golf Course (สนามกอล์ฟเมืองเอก) 52 Mu 7, Phaholyothin Road, Tambon Luk Hok, Mueang District, Pathum Thani Tel: 0 2533 9335-4 Fax: 0 2533 9335-40 (18 holes)
Muang-Ake Vista Golf Course (สนามกอล์ฟเมืองเอกวิสต้า) 52/999 Phahonyothin Road, Tambon Luk Hok, Mueang District, Pathum Thani Tel: 0 2997 8501-6 Fax: 0 2533 9915 (18 holes)
Pinehurst Golf & Country Club(ไพน์เฮิร์สท กอล์ฟ แอนด์ คันทรี คลับ ) 73 Mu 17 Phaholyothin Road(Km.37), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Tel: 0 2516 8679-84 Fax: 0 2516 8685 www.pinehurst.co.th (27 holes)
Royal Thai Air Force Golf Club (สนามกอล์ฟธูปะเตมีย์) 14 Mu 8 Phaholyothin Road, Lam Luk Ka, Pathum Thani Tel. 0 2531 1484, 0 2534 3880 (18 holes)

Samut Prakan

Bang Poo Golf & Sport Club(บางปู กอล์ฟ แอนด์ สปอร์ต คลับ) 191 Mu 9 Sukhumvit Road, Tambon Praeksa, Mueang District, Samut Prakan Tel: 0 2324 0320-9 Fax: 0 2324 0330 www.bangpoogolf.com (18 holes)
Green Vally Coutry Club (สนามกอล์ฟกรีนวัลเล่ย์) 92 Mu 3, Bangna-Trad Road (K.m.15), Bang Plee, Samut Prakan Tel: 0 2312 5883-9 www.greenvallybangkok.com (18 holes)
Kiarti Thanee Country Club(สนามกอล์ฟเกียรติธานี คันทรี่ คลับ) 199-200 Mu 5 Bangna-Trad Road.(Km.29), Bang Bo, Samut Prakan Tel: 0 2707 1700-9 www.kiartithaneecountryclub.com (18 holes)
Lakewood Country Club (เลควูด คันทรี คลับ) 99/1 Mu 11, Bangna-Trad Road(Km.18), Bang Phli, Samut Prakan Tel : 0 2312 6278-86 (reservation: 0 2312 6276-7) www.lakewoodcountryclub.co.th (27 holes)
Muang Kaew Golf Course(สนามกอล์ฟเมืองแก้ว) 52 Mu 8 Bangna-Trat Road(Km.7.7), Bang Phli, Samut Prakan Tel: 0 2316 3918-21 Fax: 0 2316 6749 www.muangkaewgolf.com (18 holes)
The Royal Golf & Country Club(เดอะ รอยัล กอล์ฟ แอนด์ คันทรี คลับ) 69 Mu 7 On –Nut Road, Tambon Srisachorakanoy, Bang Sao Thong, Samut Prakan Tel: 0 2738 1010 ext.10-11 Fax: 0 2738 0138 www.royalgolfclubs.com (18 holes)
Subhapruek Golf Course(สนามกอล์ฟสุภาพฤกษ์) 102 Mu 7, Bangna-Trat Road(Km.26), Bang Bo, Samut Prakan Tel: 0 2317 9149-50, 0 2317 0801-4 Fax: 0 2317 0805 www.subhapruekgolf.com (18 holes)
Summit Windmill Golf Club (ซัมมิท วินมิลล์ กอล์ฟ คลับ) 72 Mu 14, Bangna –Trat Road (Km.10.5), Bang Phli, Samut Prakan Tel: 0 2750 2112-20 Fax: 0 2316 8268 www.summitwindmillgolfclub.com (18 holes)
Thana City Golf & Country Club (ธนาซิตี้ กอล์ฟ แอนด์ คันทรี คลับ)100-100/1 Mu 4 Bangna-Trat Road(Km.14), Bang Phli, Samut Prakan Tel: 0 2336 0568-74 fax: 0 2336 1980 www.golf.tnet.co.th/thanacity (18 holes)
The Vintage Club (เดอะ วินเทจ คลับ) 549/1-4 Mu 3, Panviti Road, Bang Bo, Samut Prakan Tel: 0 2707 3820-4 Fax: 0 2707 3829 www.vintagethaigolf.com (18 holes)

Entertainment

Cinemas in Bangkok Coming from the West, the cost of a cinema ticket is a complete bargain, around $4US or 120Baht. Most of the cinemas are of the highest world-class standards and show all the latest releases. Major Cineplex on Rangsit Road, north of Don Muang Airport is the largest cinema in Asia with 16 screens.

Apex Cinema Siam Square
EGV Grand Cinema
Major Cineplex (Central World Plaza)
Major Cineplex (Central World Plaza), Bangkok
SF Cinema City

Bowling in Bangkok Just like the capital’s cinemas, bowling centers are of a superb standard with some of them resembling the inside of a discotheque. Dance while you play style. Some places downtown include:

Where to go

Blu-O Rhythm & Bowl - 5th Floor Paragon Cineplex, Siam Paragon
Major Bowl Hit - CentralWorld.
SF Strike Bowl & Music City - MBK Center.
Cosmic Bowl - EGV Metropolis, Big C Ratchadamri (opposite CentralWorld).

Karaoke: Top class private karaoke lounges can be found at some of the bowling centers and major hotels.

Photos from Bangkok, Thailand

Peoplespotting

More than any other place in Thailand, Bangkok offers wonderful opportunities for just sitting and watching people go by. Here's a partial checklist:

University student — Many of Thailand's universities continue to enforce a uniform, and what a uniform: for girls, it's a formfitting translucent white blouse, black miniskirt and straight black hair. The little shiny logo button on the blouse tells the cognoscenti which particular university she is attending. Boys wear a white dress shirt and black trousers, but ever the non-conformists, you'll never see one outside school without the shirt pulled out and a few too many buttons open.

Office lady — Sharply clad in infinite variations of solid pastel shades, this human houseplant mans customer service desks and pours tea in offices across the capital.

Bargirl — Mostly short and dark-skinned farm girls from the provinces, a bargirl can be spotted a mile away thanks to her pink hotpants and the kilo of gold around her neck. Often found in happy financial symbiosis with the sexpat.

Sexpat — Fifty-plus, bald, beer belly, stained shirt, lovestruck expression and a hairy arm wrapped around a girl too young to be his daughter. He's found what he's looking for.

Ladyboy (kathoey) — Either tall, large-handed, wears too much makeup, possesses an Adam's apple and has large breasts... or has accomplished the art of camouflage so well that you just filed her/him as an office lady or bargirl.

Expat — A farang walking about purposefully in dress shirt and long trousers, seemingly oblivious to the fact that it's 35°C outside. For extra credit, try to distinguish between the scruffier English teacher type and the jet-setting expense package type. Or try classifying them by the old joke about the three types of expat — missionaries, mercenaries and misfits.

Yuppie — Like every other big city, Bangkok boasts a coterie of young professional types who are hip, well-educated and relatively affluent. Similar to the Expat, they usually sport business attire and are likely to be hurried -- except they probably know a shortcut, and they aren't sweating so profusely.

Khao San Road brigade — Braided hair, bead necklace, sarongs, shorts and floppy pants. Either on their way to or just back from the beaches. Dazed and bewildered when torn apart from the familiar surroundings of Khao San Road.

Most of Bangkok's sights are concentrated in the "Old City" on Rattanakosin Island. Out of Bangkok's many temples, the following usually make the top 3:

Wat Arun (The Temple of Dawn).
The Grand Palace, featuring Wat Phra Kaew (The Temple of the Emerald Buddha).
Wat Pho, home of the world's largest reclining Buddha and a famed massage school.

Bangkok's many markets are an experience in themselves, see Buy for some suggestions.

Itineraries

One day in Bangkok - If you have just one day to spare and want to catch a feel for the city.

Bangkok to Ho Chi Minh City overland - A suggested one-week trip through the heart of former Indochina.

Bangkok is a huge city, so all individual listings should be moved to the appropriate district articles, and this section should contain a brief overview. Please help to move listings if you are familiar with this city.

Royal Palace

The Grand Palace and Wat Phra Si Rattana Satsadaram or Wat Phra Kaeo (พระบรมมหาราชวังและวัดพระศรีรัตนศาสดารามหรือวัดพระแก้ว)

The Grand Palace (พระบรมมหาราชวัง) Constructed simultaneously with the establishment of Bangkok or Krung Rattanakosin by King Rama I the Great, the complex covers a total area of 132 rai and comprises 3 major quarters; namely, Phra Maha Prasat – the throne halls, Phra Ratchamonthian Sathan – royal residences and Wat Phra Si Rattana Satsadaram – Temple of the Emerald Buddha. Formerly, the Grand Palace served as a residential palace for the royal family, with a similar floor plan to that of the Grand Palace in the Kingdom of Ayutthaya. The Temple of the Emerald Buddha is a palace temple just as Wat Phra Si Sanphet used to be in the Ayutthaya Period. A blend of Western architecture prevailed during the reigns of King Rama IV and King Rama V. Major throne halls include:

Phra Thinang Dusit Maha Prasat (พระที่นั่งดุสิตมหาปราสาท), formerly named as Phra Thinang Inthraphisek Maha Prasat, is the first throne hall to have been constructed within the Grand Palace to house royal remains of the kings, queens and members of the royal family. It is also for use in major royal ceremonies such as auspicious rites and merit-making.

Phra Thinang Aphonphimok Prasat (พระที่นั่งอาภรณ์พิโมกข์ปราสาท), located near Phra Thinang Dusit Maha Prasat served as the king’s mounting platform as well as dressing area for a royal procession.

Phra Thinang Phiman Rattaya (พระที่นั่งพิมานรัตยา), established in 1789 and served as the king’s royal chamber as well as assembly hall for members of the royal family and audience hall for ladies of the court to receive royal decorations and title’s paraphernalia in the reign of King Rama VI. It was also where the bathing ceremony for royal remains of the members of the royal family before the urn would be placed inside the Phra Thinang Dusit Maha Prasat.

Phra Thinang Chakri Maha Prasat (พระที่นั่งจักรีมหาปราสาท), built in the reign of King Rama V in 1876 to receive royal guests who were monarchs or heads of state. There are also several other principal throne halls such as Phra Thinang Ratchakaranyasapha, Phra Thinang Munlasathan Boromma-at, Phra Thinang Sommutithewarat Upbat, Phra Thinang Borommaratchasathit Mahoran, Phra Thinang Chakraphatdi Phiman, Phra Thinang Phaisan Thaksin,etc.

Wat Phra Si Rattana Satsadaram or Wat Phra Kaeo (วัดพระศรีรัตนศาสดารามหรือวัดพระแก้ว) Known among foreigners as Temple of the Emerald Buddha, Wat Phra Kaeo is a royal temple situated on the northeastern corner of the Grand Palace compound. It is where the image of the Emerald Buddha is enshrined as well as royal religious ceremonies have been performed. The construction of the temple was completed in 1784, and it has consistently undergone several times of restoration from the reign of King Rama I through to the reign of King Rama IX. The temple’s ordination hall – Phra Ubosot – and enclosing cloister house fine murals. Other interesting structures include a group of 8 Prang towers, Phra Si Rattana Chedi, model of Angkor Wat, Prasat Phra Thepbidon, etc. Open: Daily from 8.30 a.m. to 3.30 p.m. (except during special royal ceremonies) Admission: 300 baht. (including a ticket to Vimanmek Royal Mansion or Anantasamakhom Throne Hall or Sanam Chandra Palace(Nakhon Pathom Province) plus the show about the kingdom’s art. Proper attire is essential Personal Audio Guide in Thai, English, French, German, Spanish, Russian, Japanese and Mandarin: 200 baht Tel: 0 2623 5500 ext 3100, 0 2224 3273 www.palaces.thai.net

Sanam Luang or Thung Phra Men (สนามหลวงหรือทุ่งพระเมรุ) A vast open ground situated near the northern wall of the Grand Palace and the eastern wall of the former Viceroy Palace or Wang Na. At the time when Bangkok was first established, the ground was a rice field and was sometimes used as a location for a royal crematorium, Phra Men in Thai. The ground was, thus, otherwise called as ‘Thung Phra Men’ which means the crematorium ground. In considering that the name was inauspicious, King Rama IV had the ground renamed as ‘Thong Sanam Luang’, or the Royal Ground, and the rice farming there ceased. Later, King Rama V had the Wang Na’s eastern wall demolished and the area of Sanam Luang enlarged to cover a total of 78 rai as it does ‘til today. The place has been used as the crematorium ground for kings, members of the royal family and nobility, in addition, to being a royal sporting ground. The king also had 365 tamarind trees planted around it.

Sanam Luang is also Bangkok’s equivalent of ‘Speaker’s Corner’ where folk often get together and debate the state of current politics. The grounds have, over recent history, been used as a location for political rallies and demostrations.

On the King’s birthday (Dec 5) literally a million people come to celebrate the birthday of HM the King. It is open daily and has no entrance fee.

The City Pillar Shrine (ศาลหลักเมือง) According to an old Thai tradition, a city pillar had to be built upon the establishment of a new city. King Rama I had the Bangkok city pillar erected near the Temple of the Emerald Buddha on Sunday, 21 April, 1782, with the city’s horoscope inside. The original pillar was made of cassia wood known as Chaiyaphruek, measuring 75 cm. in diameter and 27 cm. high. In the reign of King Rama IV, the old dilapidated pillar was replaced by a new one made of the same kind of wood, measuring 270 cm. high and standing on a base of 175 cm. wide, sheltered by a Prang-shaped shrine as it appears today. The shrine also houses images of protective deities including Thepharak, Chaopho Ho Klong, Phra Suea Mueang, Phra Song Mueang, Chaopho Chetakhup and Phra Kan Chai Si. It is open daily and has no entrance fee.

Museums

Anantasamakhom Throne Hall (พระที่นั่งอนันตสมาคม) [24] This Renaissance building was constructed of marble from Italy under the instruction of King Rama V, with an intention to be used as a royal reception – assembly hall. The construction was completed in the next reign. The dome of the throne hall houses picturesque frescoes of royal activities undertaken during the reigns of King Rama I – King Rama VI of the Royal House of Chakri. The building serves as a venue for royal and state ceremonies and was once used as the National Assembly before it was moved to the new building behind. Open: Daily from 9.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. (except public holidays) Admission: 50 baht (proper attire is essential) Tel: 0 2628 6300 ext. 5119-5121

Ancient City (เมืองโบราณ) [25] Situated in Bang Pu Mai Sub-district on Sukhumvit Road (old route) towards Bang Pu, at Kilometre 33, the Ancient City is on the left and 8 kilometres from Samut Prakan town. It is a centre of replicas of important historical sites in the country. It covers an area of approximately 800 rai and was first constructed at the end of 1963. Major historical sites in the Ancient City are Khao Phra Wihan (Preah Vihear), Prasat Hin Phanom Rung, Wat Mahathat Sukhothai, Phra Phutthabat Saraburi, Phrathat Mueang Nakhon, Prathat Chaiya, etc. The replicas were elaborately constructed in both smaller-scaled sizes, while some are in the actual size. Besides, it is a source of local Thai arts and culture which is disappearing from modern society. Those who wish to conduct research on the history of Thailand can study this at the Ancient City. Open: Daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Admission: Adult 300 baht, Child 200 baht Tel: 0 2323 9253, 0 2709 1644

Bangkok Butterfly Garden and Insectarium (อุทยานผีเสื้อและแมลงกรุงเทพฯ) Situated in the southeastern area of Vachirabenjatas Park (Railway Park), Kamphaeng Phet 3 Road, the garden covers an area of approximately 6 rai. It comprises of 4 main sections; namely, 1) a touch screen computer area introducing the garden, 2) a mini-theatre for the VDO presentation on insects and the ecological system, 3) an exhibition area and feed breeding room of the embryo of butterflies and insects, 4) a cage covering an area of 1,168 square metres with a large dome of 15 metres high, built from an open framework for good ventilation. It displays 20 kinds of more than 500 butterflies. The garden, which connects to the Chatuchak and Queen Sirikit Parks, is an appropriate natural classroom for learning, conducting research, as well as, collecting and exchanging knowledge on butterfly species and insects, their life cycles and ways of living. The garden is open daily except for Monday during 8.30 a.m.-4.30 p.m. Open: Tuesday - Sunday and public holidays from 8.30 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Admission: Free. Tel: 0 2272 4359-60, 0 2272 4680.

Bangkok Dolls & Museum (บ้านบางกอกดอลส์และตุ๊กตานานาชาติ) Located at 85 Soi Ratchataphan (Soi Mo Leng) off Ratchaprarop Road. It was established by Khunying Tongkorn Chandavimol in 1956 after having completed a course on doll making from the Osawa Doll School in Tokyo, Japan. Her intention was to make as well as publicise Thai dolls. Bangkok Doll’s products are well recognised internationally and renowned among doll collectors. They won the first prize and the Honorary Gold Peacock Feather Award from the 3rd International Folklore Dolls Biennial 1978 in Poland. The place serves as both a museum and workshop where various kinds of dolls are displayed and made totally by hand, using mainly locally available materials. There are several categories of dolls such as Khon dolls, hill tribes, Thai rural lifestyles as well as Khon mask miniatures. There is also a corner in the workshop where a private collection of some 400 dolls from around the world are displayed. The entrance is free. Open: Mon-Sat from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Tel: 0 2245 3008

Bank of Thailand Museum (พิพิธภัณฑ์ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย) Located on a total area of 30 rai on the Chao Phraya River inside Bang Khun Phrom Palace within the same compound as the Bank of Thailand, Sam Sen Road, Phra Nakhon District. The museum building is one example of the finest architecture of the same art style built by King Rama V to be a royal residence of HRH Prince Boriphat Sukhumphan, his 33rd son born with Queen Sukhuman Marasi. After 1932, the palace was used as a governmental office for a certain period until 1945 when it became the Bank of Thailand. It was turned into the Bank of Thailand Museum in 1982, accommodating 14 rooms on 2 floors. Floor 1 houses rooms of ancient coins, the Phot Duang or Thai bullet coins, modern Thai coins and banknotes, golds and foreign currency. Floor 2 houses rooms of the 60th anniversary of the Bank of Thailand, banknote printing, and several others. Open: Mon-Fri from 9.30 a.m. to 12 a.m., 1.30 p.m.to 4.30 p.m. Admission: Free Tel: 0 2283 5286, 0 2283 6723(Please contact at least 1 week in advance. (Attention: Director of the Bank of Thailand Museum).

Children’s Discovery Museum (พิพิธภัณฑ์เด็ก) [26] The museum is located inside Queen Sirikit Park and was established under the royal initiative of Her Majesty the Queen, in her realizing the significance of creating a pleasurable learning process for Thai children. Based on the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration’s children and family activities, the Children’s Discovery Museum took shape in the form of 3 exhibition buildings and an open-air activity ground covering a total area of 5 rai. The construction was completed in 2001 and undertaken under the project to celebrate the 60th birthday anniversary of Her Majesty the Queen.

The museum offers exhibitions as well as funny activities for children to enjoy and learn about human life, sciences, culture and society, nature and the environment, including an exhibition in honour of Her Majesty the Queen. Open: Daily (Tues-Fri from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Sat-Sun from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.) Admission: Adult 70 baht, Child 50 baht Tel: 0 2615 7333 ext. 102, 134, 148

House of Museums (บ้านพิพิธภัณฑ์) The House of Museums is located at 170/17 Mu 17, Khlong Pho Land, Soi Khlong Pho 2, Sala Thammasop Road, Thawi Watthana, Bangkok 10170. It is accessible by driving along Phutthamonthon Sai 2 Road toward the railway track or Khlong Maha Sawat. At the end of the road, turn left onto Sala Thammasop Road and follow the sign to the museum. The exhibition features a collection of old as well as modern items of various uses of both townspeople and villagers such as toys, books, stationery and kitchen and household utensils, forming a legacy of the past to be inherited by the present. The modern 3½-storey building of 3 chambers covers a total area of 232 square metres. The first floor lends an old atmosphere of shop houses before 1957 including a café, drugstore, barber’s, etc. There are rooms displaying alternate exhibitions on various topics, as well. Open: Sat-Sun from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Admission: Adult 30 baht, Child 10 baht Tel: 08 9666 2008, 08 9200 2803

Jim Thompson Museum (พิพิธภัณฑ์จิม ทอมป์สัน) [27] This collection of traditional Thai-style houses, fashioned into one dwelling, belongs to the man who helped restore the Thai silk industry after World War II, and today, preserved as a museum, contains a priceless collection of Asian objects d’ art. The canalside museum is located in Soi Kasemsan 2 on Rama I Road opposite the National Stadium. Open: Daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Admission: Adult 100 baht, Child 50 baht. Tel: 0 2216 7368

King Prajadhipok Museum (พิพิธภัณฑ์พระบาทสมเด็จพระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว) [28] The museum is located at the preserved building of the Public Works Department at the foot of Phan Fa Lilat Bridge at the corner of Lan Luang Road in Phra Nakhon District. The building is of King Rama VI’s – King Rama VII’s neo-classic architecture built in 1906. It was renovated by King Prajadhipok’s Institute to serve as a museum exhibiting a rare collection of King Rama VII’s personal belongings as well as photographs, documents and biography of Thailand’s first constitutional monarch. It has become the first perfect monarchic museum, using modern technology in giving explanations and guidance. Significant events and stories relating to King Rama VII are also exhibited including the succession to the throne, the king’s biography before his accession to the throne, royal activities, political reform, promulgation of the constitution, royal utensils and memorabilia, as well as his life after abdication and death in the United Kingdom. The demolished Sala Chaloem Krung Theatre which used to stand in the nearby area is imitated with old films being projected. Open: Tue-Sun from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. including public holidays Admission: 40 baht Tel: 0 2280 3413-4, 0 2280 3445-6

Museum of Thai Pharmacy (พิพิธภัณฑ์เภสัชกรรมไทย) The museum is located on the third floor of the Pharmaceutical Association of Thailand under Royal Patronage Building at 40 Soi Santisuk, Sukhumvit 38 Road (diagonally opposite Soi Thong Lo). It was established to publicize traditional Thai medicine from past to present for later generations to learn and treasure. The exhibition is featured by various topics; namely, the Birth of Pharmacy, the Evolution of Oriental Pharmacy and Basic Wisdom, the Evolution of Western Thai Pharmacy and the Evolution of Herbs and Natural Products. (Advance contact in writing is required for a group visit.) Open: Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Admission: Free Tel: 0 2391 6243, 0 2712 1627

National Gallery Museum (พิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติ หอศิลป) Situated on Chao Fa Road at the foot of Phra Pinklao Bridge, the museum is a former location of the Royal Thai Mint and now exhibits collections of both traditional Thai and contemporary arts by past as well as present famous artists of Thailand. Oil paintings by His Majesty the King are also exhibited here. Open: Wed-Sun from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Admission: 30 baht. Tel: 0 2282 2639-40, 0 2281 2224

National Museum (พิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติ พระนคร) [29] A former palace of the Wang Na or second king – Kromphraratchawangbowon Mahasurasinghanat – built simultaneously with the Grand Palace, the complex comprises several major throne halls such as Phra Thinang Siwamok Phiman, Phra Thinang Phutthaisawan and Phra Thinang Itsara Winitchai. In the reign of King Rama V, a national museum was first established at the Concordia Hall and known as “Miosiam’ before being transferred to where it is now located. Currently, the second king’s palace also houses Thammasat University, Bangkok Fine Arts College, Bangkok Dramatic Arts College and National Theatre. The complex also accommodates Wat Bowonsathan Sutthawat otherwise known as Wat Phra Kaeo Wang Na. The National Museum exhibits a large variety of antiquities and objets d’art, which represent the cultural heritage of Thailand and neighbouring countries. The Bangkok National Museum won the Award of Excellence in the category of Tourism Promotion Organisations and Projects of the Thailand Tourism Awards 2002 from its “Museum Education for the Public” project, the main objective of which was to encourage appreciation in the country’s cultural heritage in the local community for tourism purposes. Open: Wed- Sun from 9 a.m.to 4 p.m. Admission: 40 baht Guided tours in English, French, German, and Japanese are provided on Wednesday and Thursday of the week. Tel: 0 2224 1370, 0 2224 1333, 0 2224 1402, 0 2224 1396

Philatelic Museum and Library (พิพิธภัณฑ์และห้องสมุดตราไปรษณียากร) Located on the 2nd floor of the Metropolitan Postal Bureau (North) (behind Sam Sen Nai Post Office), Phahonyothin Road, Sam Sen Sub-district, it displays the history of the Thai postal service and development of Thai stamps from the past until present time. Moreover, “Solot”, the first Thai stamps used in the reign of King Rama V and the foreign ones of the member countries of the Universal Postal Union are on display. Also, there is a library collecting books and knowledge on post both in Thai and foreign languages. In the same area, stamps and accessories for stamp collection are on sale at the ground floor of the building. Next to the museum, there is also a room imitating the operational site and equipment of the post office in the past, providing services of postal money orders, selling stamps, etc. In front of the building, Thai postal boxes in various periods, as well as, those from foreign countries are exhibited. Open: Wed–Sun from 8.30 a.m to 4.30 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2271 2439

Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre (ศูนย์มานุษยวิทยาสิรินธร) Located on Borom Ratchonnani Road beyond the Southern Bus Terminal, this centre is a national institution responsible for systematic gathering processing and servicing of anthropological data scattered throughout the country. A variety of exhibitions on Social and Cultural Development in Thailand, Ethno-Archaeology, Thai Ceramic Collections, as well as the Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s Biography can be viewed. Open: Mon- Sat from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2880 9429 www.sac.or.th

Rare Stone Museum (พิพิธภัณฑ์หินแปลก) Located on Charoenkrung Road between Soi 26 and Soi 28 in Bang Rak area, the museum features a fascinating display of over ten thousand rare stones from Thailand and all over the world. Exhibits include precious stones, fossils, crystals, stalactites and more. Collections of ashtrays and cigarette labels are also on display. Open: Daily from 9.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m., Admission: 20 baht, Tel: 0 2236 5666, 0 2236 5655, 0 2236 5712

Royal Barge National Museum (พิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติเรือพระราชพิธี) Thailand’s ornately carved and decorated Royal Barges are displayed in boatsheds on Khlong (Canal) Bangkok Noi, just off the Chao Phraya River near Phra Pin Klao Bridge on the Thon Buri side. The barges are used on royal occasions and formerly served as war vessels. Open: Daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Admission: 30 baht, Tel: 0 2424 0004

Science Centre for Education (ศูนย์วิทยาศาสตร์เพื่อการศึกษา) (ท้องฟ้าจำลอง) [30] Situated next to the Eastern Bus Terminal (Ekkamai) on Sukhumvit Road, this is an exhibition centre on a variety of scientific knowledge. Among the attractions are a planetarium, an aquarium as well as permanent exhibitions of sports science, communication technology and natural environment. Open: Exhibition: Tue- Sun (except public holidays) from 8.30 a.m.-4.30 p.m. Planetariam: 1-hour shows at 11 a.m. and 2.30 p.m. Additional shows on Sat & Sun at 10 a.m. and 1.30 p.m. Admission: Exhibition - Adult 20 baht, Child 10 baht and Planetariam - Adult 20 baht, Child 10 baht Tel: 0 2392 5951-5

Siriraj Museum (พิพิธภัณฑ์การแพทย์ศิริราช) Located on the 2nd floor of the Adulyadej Vikrom Building inside Siriraj Hospital on Phran Nok Road, Thon Buri District (Thailand’s first medical institute). The museum comprises the Congdon Anatomical Museum, Songkran Niyomsane Forensic Medicine Museum, Prehistoric Museum, Pathology Museum and Traditional Thai Medicines Museum. Open: Mon–Sat from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Admission: 40 baht, Information: Tel. 0 2419 7000 ext. 6363.

Suan Pakkad Palace (วังสวนผักกาด) [31] Located on Si Ayutthaya Road, this complex of five Thai-style houses was once the residence of one of Thailand’s leading art collectors, Prince Chumbhot of Nagara Svarga. It houses an extensive collection of Asian art and antiques, including items from the prehistoric Ban Chiang civilisation, and also an impressive collection of sea-shells. Khon (classical Thai masked dance) Museum and Traditional Thai Music Museum are also established here. Open: Daily from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Admission: 100 baht, Tel: 0 2246 1775-6 ext 229, 0 2245 4934

Sunthorn Museum (พิพิธภัณฑ์สุนทร) [32] Situated at 82/10 Sukhaphiban 1 (off Phetkasem Road near Lotus Supermarket), this is a private museum operated by Mr. Sunthorn Chunothaisawat. It houses invaluable antiques from different periods such as BMW Motorcycles in the World War Periods, various types of old clock, lamps, children toys made out of zinc, Raios, Irons, type writers, Fans and sewing machines which are still maintained in good condition. Open: Sat from 11 a.m.to 5 p.m., Admission: 200 baht, Tel: 0 2802 0863-4

Thai Labour Museum (พิพิธภัณฑ์แรงงานไทย) This museum is located at the former office of the State Railway of Thailand Labour Union on Nikhom Rotfai Road, Makkasan, Ratchathewi. It exhibits a historical background of Thai labour in 7 rooms: Room 1, slave labour and corvée system – the foundation of ancient Thai society – presenting the history of Thai labour since ancient times; Room 2, Chinese coolies - early hire workers - featuring their way of life; Room 3, labour and the country’s reforms in the reign of King Rama V – a major transitional period in Thai history; Room 4, labourers and the 1932 Revolution – labourers before and after the revolution; Room 5, from World War to the Cold War – Thai labour under critical situations during World War II and the Cold War; Room 6, from the 14 October uprising to the economic crisis – life of Thai workers during the pro-democracy period, women and child labour, truck drivers and boxers; Room 7, labour artist Chit Phumisak – dedicated to Chit Phumisak, a significant thinker and intellectual. The exhibition in each room is displayed through various media such as television, slides and computer, which make it more interesting and easier to understand. The museum also provides a library service with books and research reports about labourers and computer training for workers. Open: Wed-Sun and Public holidays from 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2251 3173 (Advance contact is required for a group visit.)

Thai Life Permanent Exhibition Hall (หอไทยนิทัศน์) [33] Located in the Thailand Cultural Centre on Ratchadaphisek Road, this is a venue for displaying the history of the Thai people and different aspects of Thai culture, as developed from pre-historic times up to the present. The exhibition is presented under five topics: The Evolution of the Thai Nation, Rice and Thai Way of Life, Thai Language and Literature, Thailand and the World, and Important Achievements and Events in Thai Society. Open: Mon-Fri (except public holidays) from 9.30 a.m. to 4.30 p.m., admission: free, Tel: 0 2247 0028 ext. 4223-4

The Museum of Buddhism Art (พิพิธภัณฑ์พุทธศิลปะ) Located at 104 Soi 40, Phatthanakan Road, Suan Luang, Bangkok 10250, the museum features a large private collection of Buddha images and is operated by the Foundation of Thai’s Arts Preservation. The exhibition focuses on the art of Buddha images in accordance with Thai history, with an international standard presentation comprising light, sound (chanting), scent (incense) in an air-conditioned atmosphere. Besides Buddha images and artefacts of different periods, there is also an area allocated to be a shrine as well as museum of the Goddess of Mercy and other major gods of various beliefs in Asia.

The museum is open during 10 a.m.-5.30 p.m. on Monday-Saturday and closed on Sunday. Advance contact is required. Admission fees are 250 baht for the general public and foreigners, 50 baht for students, and 25 baht for students and government officers coming in groups, with advance contact. Open: Mon-Fri (Advance contact is required.), Sat from 10 a.m.to 5.30 p.m., Admission: 250 baht, Tel: 0 2321 0048-50, 0 2322 2434, Fax: 0 2322 2412

The Press Museum (พิพิธภัณฑ์หนังสือพิมพ์ไทย) [34] Located in the same building as the Press Association of Thailand on Ratchasima Road, Dusit district (opposite Suan Dusit Rajabhat University), this is the first museum to have been established to enhance press occupation and be a source of study and information as well as valuable historical data about the Thai press from past to present. The exhibition is displayed through modern information technology. The first portion presents the press in the past by imitating the working atmosphere of reporters represented by wax models. Next are the political, economic as well as social roles of the press and biographies of outstanding personalities such as Dr. Bradley, Prince Narathipphongpraphan, M.R. Kukrit Pramoj, Kularb Saipradit, Malai Choopinij and Isra Amantakul. There are also images of King Rama IV– founder of Thailand’s publishing business established to publish declarations and royal gazettes, the first newspaper for Thai people–and King Rama VI –a press king who granted freedom for newspaper publication. The museum features an exhibition on newspapers and magazines and provides a library service, as well. Open: Mon - Fri from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2669 7124 – 6, Fax: 0 2241 5929

The State Railway Hall of Fame (หอเกียรติภูมิรถไฟ) This is a train museum where steam engines, train models, and miniature trains are exhibited along with the story of world railway systems. It is located on the western side of Chatuchak Park adjacent to Kamphaeng Phet Road. Open: Sat-Sun from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 08 1615 5776

Vimanmek Mansion Museum (พระที่นั่งวิมานเมฆ) [35] This is the world’s largest golden teak building located in the compound of the Dusit Palace on Ratchawithi Road. The three-storey royal mansion has 81 rooms, halls and ante-chambers containing fin de siecle royal memorabilia. A guided tour in English is provided to foreign visitors. Other beautiful buildings in the same compound display various items and art objects; for example, H.M. King Bhumibol’s photography, H.M. Queen Sirikit’s collection of handicraft masterpieces created by rural people, paraphernalia of rank and portraits, old clocks, ancient cloth, and royal carriages. Open: Daily from 9.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Tickets are sold till 3.15 p.m. (The last Guided Tour is at 3:15 p.m.) Admission: 100 baht, Proper attire is required, Tel: 0 2628 6300 ext. 5119-5121

Temples

Wat Arun (Temple of Dawn) (วัดอรุณ) [36] This famous Chao Phraya riverbank landmark diagonally opposite the Grand Palace, is best known for a porcelain encrusted 79 meter central pagoda which sparkles in the sun. The temple can be reached either by Arun Amarin Road or by boat from Tha Tian Pier near Wat Pho. Open: Daily from 7.30 a.m.to 5.30 p.m., Admission: 20 baht, Tel: 0 2465 5640

Wat Pho (วัดโพธิ์) [37] This large and extensive temple neighbours the Grand Palace enclave on Thai Wang Road and contains a gigantic gold plated Reclining Buddha some 46 metres long and 15 metres high with inlaid mother of pearl soles. The temple is also regarded as the first center of public education and is sometimes called ‘Thailand’s first university’. Open: Daily from 8.30 a.m. to 5 p.m., Admission: 40 baht, Tel: 0 2221 1969 www.watpho.com; Thai Massage School Tel: 0 2221 3686, 0 2662 3551, 0 2221 2974

Wat Ratchapradit Sathitmahasimaram. (วัดราชประดิษฐ์สถิตมหาสีมาราม) Situated to the north of Saran Rom Park, the temple is relatively small and covers a total area of approximately 2 rai. It was built in the reign of King Rama IV who intended it to be a temple in the Dhammayutika Sect as well as to be one of the 3 major temples as required by an old tradition to be situated within the capital. The place was originally a royal coffee plantation in the reign of King Rama III. With his personal donation, King Rama IV bought the plantation and had a small temple constructed there, naming it “Wat Ratchapradit Sathitthammayutikaram”. Later, he had the name changed to “Wat Ratchapradit Sathitmahasimaram”. A place of interest in this temple is Phra Wihan Luang - the royal image hall - which houses mural paintings depicting “The Royal Ceremonies over 12 Months” and legend of the solar eclipse phenomenon. Open: Daily from 8 a.m.to 6 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2222 0855

Wat Ratchabophit (วัดราชบพิตร) The temple is located on Fuang Nakhon Road near Wat Pho. Built by King Rama V in 1869, it was in keeping with tradition that each monarch constructed a temple to mark his reign. The temple is a mixture of local and western styles, showing an awakening interest in new ideas and a desire to experiment with them. The exterior of the chapel is in the Thai style, but the interior is decorated in the European style. Open: Daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2222 3930, 0 2221 0904

Wat Mahathat (วัดมหาธาตุ) This old temple was built in the reign of King Rama I. Located on Na Phrathat Road near Thammasat University, the temple houses Mahachulalongkorn Buddhist University, one of the two highest seats of Buddhist learning in Thailand and also offers meditation classes for foreigners. Open: Daily from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2222 6011; Meditation Centre Tel: 0 2623 6326

Wat Suthat and the Giant Swing (วัดสุทัศน์และเสาชิงช้า) [38] Located on Bamrung Muang Road, this temple is noted for its superb 19th century murals in the main chapel. The distinctive Giant Swing outside the temple was once used in Brahmanic ceremonies long since discontinued. Nearby shops stock a very comprehensive range of Buddhist religious supplies. Open: Daily from 8.30 a.m. to 9 p.m., Admission: 20 baht, Tel: 0 2221 4026 Fax 0 2222 6935

Wat Bowon Niwet (วัดบวรนิเวศ) This temple is located on Phra Sumen Road in the Bang Lamphu area. Built in 1829, it is the shrine-hall of Phra Phutthachinnasi, a very beautiful Buddha image which was moulded in about 1357. This is one of the most important temples of Bangkok, whose one-time chief abbot was King Rama IV before he ascended the throne. King Rama IV and King Rama VII, as well as His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej resided there during their monkhood. Open: Daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2281 2831-3

Wat Intharawihan (วัดอินทรวิหาร) Located on Wisutkasat Road, this temple is well known for a huge standing Buddha image called Luang Pho To. The image, built in the reign of King Rama IV, is 32 metres tall and 10 metres wide. The topknot of the Buddha image contains a relic of Lord Buddha brought from Sri Lanka. Open: Daily from 8.30 a.m. to 8 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2628 5550-2

Wat Ratchaburana (วัดราชบูรณะหรือวัดเลียบ) This temple is located at the foot of the Rama I Memorial Bridge on the Bangkok side. Built in the late Ayutthaya period by a Chinese merchant, it is otherwise known as Wat Liap and is one of the 3 principal temples of the capital which include Wat Ratchaburana, Wat Ratchapradit and Wat Mahathat. It had been regularly restored since the reign of King Rama I through to the reign of King Rama VII, except in the sixth reign. Some of the temple’s principal buildings, especially Phra Ubosot – the ordination hall – which houses mural paintings by Khrua In Khong, were badly damaged by bombing during World War II. The buildings were later restored to their good condition as they appear today. Open: Daily from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2225 1595

Wat Ratchanatdaram (วัดราชนัดดาราม) Located on Mahachai Road, the temple was built in the reign of King Rama III in 1846. Loha Prasat, the temple’s main attraction, standing 36 metres high with 37 surrounding spires, is the only one of its kind left in the world. Next to the temple is the area for welcoming an important foreign guest and a memorial statue of King Rama III. Open: Daily from 8 a.m.to 5 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2224 8807, 0 2225 5749

Wat Thepthidaram (วัดเทพธิดาราม) Located on Mahachai Road, the temple was built in the reign of King Rama III with a mixture of Chinese architectural styles. Sunthon Phu, one of Thailand’s greatest poets, resided in this temple during his monkhood from 1840-1842. Open: Daily from 8 a.m.to 5 p.m., Admission: Free, Tel: 0 2222 5067

Wat Saket and the Golden Mount (วัดสระเกศและภูเขาทอง) Wat Saket’s major feature is the Golden Mount, dating from the 1800s. A Lanka-style chedi on the top contains relics of Lord Buddha and offers a panoramic view of historic Bangkok. Open: Daily from 7.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m., Admission: 10 baht, Tel: 0 2621 0576

Wat Benchamabophit (วัดเบญจมบพิตร) Located on Si Ayutthaya Road, this unique marble temple was constructed during the reign of King Rama V. It employs European ecclesiastic details, such as stained glass windows, and contains a superb cloister collection of bronze Buddha images. Open: Daily from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m., Admission: 20 baht, Tel: 0 2281 2501, 0 2628 7947

Wat Trai Mit (วัดไตรมิตรวิทยาราม) Located at the end of Chinatown’s Yaowarat Road near Bangkok Railway Station, this temple houses an ancient solid gold seated Buddha image of the Sukhothai Period, three metres in height and weighing five and a half tons. Open: Daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Admission: 20 baht, Tel: 0 2225 9775

Monuments

King Rama I the Great Memorial (พระบรมราชานุสาวรีย์พระบาทสมเด็จพระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลกมหาราช) Built in commemoration of Bangkok’s 150th anniversary celebrations in 1932, the monument is situated at the foot of Pathom Boromrachanuson or Rama I the Great Memorial Bridge on the Bangkok side. King Rama I was the first king in the Royal House of Chakri and founder of Bangkok as the capital of the Kingdom of Siam, as Thailand was formerly known. He was born in Ayutthaya, one of Thailand’s former capitals, on 20 March, 1736, accessed to the throne on 6 April, 1782, and passed away 27 years later., Open: Daily, Admission: Free

King Rama III Memorial (พระบรมราชานุสาวรีย์พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว) The monument was built by the Fine Arts Department in 1990 near the Royal Reception Pavilion in front of Wat Ratchanatdaram on Ratchadamnoen Road. The bronze statue, half larger than life size, is seated on a throne. The surrounding area is decorated with beautiful plants, with the Royal Reception Pavilion and three minor pavilions known as Sala Rai nearby. Open: Daily, Admission: Free

King Rama VI Statue (พระบรมราชานุสาวรีย์พระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฏเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว) Located in front of Lumphini Park, the statue was sculpted by Professor Corado Feroci, or Silpa Bhirasri as he was called by his Thai name, who gave it a final touch on 7 June, 1941. It was open on 27 March, 1942. Open: Daily, Admission: Free

King Taksin the Great Monument (พระบรมราชานุสาวรีย์พระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช) This is an equestrian statue situated at Wongwian Yai Circle on Prachathipok Road. The king is portrayed with his right hand holding a sword, measuring approximately 9 metres in height from his horse’s feet to the spire of his hat. The statue rests on a reinforced concrete pedestal of 8.90 x 1.80 x 3.90 metres. There are four frames of stucco relief on the two sides of the pedestal. The opening ceremony of this monument was held on 17 April, 1954 and a homage-paying fair takes place annually on 28 December. Open: Daily, Admission: Free

Monument to the Expeditionary Force (อนุสาวรีย์ทหารอาสา) Near a northern corner of Sanam Luang stands a monument to the Thai expeditionary force that fought in the European battlefield during World War I. After war broke out in 1914, Thailand joined the Allied Army to declare war on Germany and sent militia to Europe on 20 June, 1918. Upon their return to Thailand on 21 September, 1919, the ashes of dead veterans were taken to be enshrined here on 24 September, 1919. Open: Daily, Admission: Free

National Memorial (อนุสรณ์สถานแห่งชาติ) It is located on Vibhavadi Rangsit Road slightly beyond Don Muang Railway Station. Covering an area of 38 rai, the National Memorial is under the responsibility of the Armed Force Education Department, Supreme Command Headquarters. There are wall paintings depicting historic events in Thai history from the Sukhothai period to Rattanakosin period, replicas of royal decorations, bas-reliefs of the establishment of the city and models recounting historic battles in Thai history. Open: Mon- Fri from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Admission: Free Tel: 0 2532 1021. A speaker is available for a group visit but advance contact in writing is required.

The Equestrian Statue of King Rama V the Great (พระบรมรูปทรงม้า) Established in 1908 in the reign of King Rama V with a fund raised by the Thai people, the statue was cast in Paris by a French craftsman. The remaining fund was spent by King Rama VI on the establishment of “Chulalongkorn University”, which was named after King Rama V. Open: Daily, Admission: Free

Victory Monument (อนุสาวรีย์ชัยสมรภูมิ) The monument is situated on Phahonyothin Road. It was constructed in 1941 under the premiership of Field Marshal Plaek Pibulsongkhram in order to praise the heroic deeds of soldiers, policemen and civilians who sacrificed their lives in a dispute between Thailand and France on the demarcation between Thailand and other Indochinese nations. The dispute ended with a compromise being agreed by the two parties, and 59 casualties. Victory Monument was, therefore, established as a memorial to their bravery. Unfortunately for the field marshall however, all the land gained after the despute was handed back to the French shortly after. Open: Daily, Admission: Free

Public Parks

Benchasiri Park (สวนเบญจศิริ) This compact park on Sukhumvit Road near Soi 24 was built to commemorate the 60th birthday of HM Queen Sirikit in 1992. It features a huge sculpture of commemorative coin illustrating an image of HM Queen Sirikit and 12 pieces of contemporary sculptures including children’s works. Open: Daily from 5 a.m.to 8 p.m. Admission: Free, Benjakitti Park (สวนเบญจกิติ)

This park is situated in the center of Bangkok in the area of the old Tobacco Factory nearby Queen Sirikit National Convention Center on Ratchadaphisek Road and Rama IV Road withing the area of 430 Rai. It was built to commemorate the 60th birthday of HM Queen Sirikit in 1992. Open: Daily from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m., Admission: Free

Chatuchak Park (สวนจตุจักร) This is located at the junction of Phahonyothin and Vibhavadi Rangsit roads. There are nine pieces of ASEAN sculptures that enhance the character of the park. Open: Daily from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. Admission: Free

Queen Sirikit Park (สวนสมเด็จพระนางเจ้าสิริกิติ์) This is situated east of Chatuchak Park on Phahonyothin Road. It was built to commemorate the 60th birthday anniversary of HM Queen Sirikit. A big pool in the park contains three fountains and a fine collection of both Thai and foreign lotuses. Open: Daily from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. Admission: Free

Lumpini Park (สวนลุมพินี) This was a huge open space once belonging to King Rama VI, who issued a royal command to turn the area into a public park as a gift to Bangkok residents. It is located on Rama IV Road, between Ratchadamri and Witthayu (Wireless) roads, with entrance gates on all sides. Open: Daily from 5 a.m. to 7 p.m. Admission: Free

Princess Mother Memorial Park (อุทยานเฉลิมพระเกียรติสมเด็จพระศรีนครินทราบรมราชชนนี) [39] This beautiful park is located on Soi 3 Somdet Chao Phraya Road, Khlong San District. It was built near the Wat Anongkharam community where Somdej Phra Srinagarindra Boromarajajonani, HRH the Princess Mother (mother of King Rama IX) had resided during her childhood. The park comprises a full scale model of the Princess Mother’s house and the old buildings renovated as exhibition halls displaying the life story of Her Royal Highness the Princess Mother as well as the history of the Wat Anongkharam community. Open: Garden - Daily from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except public holidays) Museum – Daily from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Admission: Free Tel: 0 2437 7799, 0 2439 0902

Rommaninat Park (สวนรมณีนาถ) This is a public park built on the old prison grounds on Mahachai Road near Wat Suthat. The Corrections Museum inside the park displays instruments of punishment and evolution of punishment in Thailand. Open: Park - Daily from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. Museum – Thu to Sat from 8.30 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Admission: Free

Santi Chai Prakan Pavilion and Public Park (พระที่นั่งและสวนสาธารณะสันติชัยปราการ) The park is on Phra Athit Road on the banks of the Chao Phraya River. It was constructed near Phra Sumen Fort under the cooperation between the Royal Thai Government and the general public to mark the auspicious occasion of the sixth cycle birthday anniversary of His Majesty the King on 5 December, 1999. The spacious area provides a pleasant atmosphere as well as a scenic view of the Chao Phraya River and the Rama VIII Bridge. It is popular among both Thais and foreigners, especially from the nearby Bang Lamphu community. Open: Daily, Admission: Free

Saranrom Park (สวนสราญรมย์) Located near the Grand Palace between Rachini and Charoenkrung roads, this park was originally a royal garden in the Saranrom Palace. At the south end of the park is a marble monument dedicated to HM Queen Sunantha Kumareerat and HRH Prince Kannaporn Phetcharat, who died in a boating accident in the reign of King Rama V. Open: Daily from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m., Admission: Free

Suan Luang Rama IX (สวนหลวง ร. 9) The 200-acre botanical garden-cum-public park is located deep inside Sukhumvit Soi 103 (Udomsuk) and was opened in 1987 to commemorate the 60th birthday of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Open: Daily from 5 a.m. to 7 p.m. Admission: 10 baht. Tel: 0 2328 1395, 0 2328 1385-6

Zoos / Animal Farms

Dusit Zoo (สวนสัตว์ดุสิต) [40] Located beside the Royal Plaza, Bangkok’s oldest zoo contains a collection of popular African and Asian mammals and birds in an ornamental garden. Open: Daily from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. Admission: Adult 100 baht; Child 50 baht Tel: 0 2281 2000, 0 2281 9027-8

Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute (Snake Farm) (สถานเสาวภาสภากาชาดไทย) Located near Chulalongkorn Hospital on the corner of Henri Dunant Road and Rama IV Road, this institute contains a collection of poisonous snakes which are “milked” daily for their venom in order to produce invaluable anti-snakebite serum. Open: Mon–Fri from 8.30 a.m.to 4.30 p.m.; Sat, Sun and Public Holidays from8.30 a.m. to 12 noon Venom extraction: Mon-Fri at 11 a.m. and 2.30 p.m.; holidays at 11 a.m. Slide presentation in English: Mon-Fri at 10.30 a.m. and 2 p.m.; holidays at 10.30 a.m. (30 minutes before venom) extraction. Admission: Adult 200 baht; Child 50 baht Tel: 0 2252 0161-4

Safari World (ซาฟารีเวิลด์) [41] Bangkok’s greatest open zoo and leisure park is located in Min Buri, via Km. 9 on Raminthra Road. The 300-acre complex comprises a Safari Park populated by African and Asian mammals, a Marine Park with amusing performances of well-trained dolphins and seals, a Bird Park and a Games Corner. Open: Mon-Fri from 9 a.m. to 4.30 p.m; Sat, Sun and Public Holidays from 9 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. Admission: Adult 700 baht; Child 450 baht Tel: 0 2518 1000-19, 0 2914 4100-19

Siam Ocean World (สยามโอเชี่ยนเวิลด์) [42] The largest aquarium in Southeast Asia, exhibiting over 30,000 marine animals from all over the world and featuring a wide range of rare and exotic species. The area of the aquarium spans over 10,000 square meters, as wide as two football fields, and uses world-class advanced technology to provide a rewarding underwater experience to visitors. Feel like you are walking under the ocean and be amazed with the fascinating underwater world. Situated on B1-B2 floors of Siam Paragon, an extravagant department store located in the heart of the metropolis, Siam Ocean World opens daily from 9.00 a.m. – 10.00 p.m. Admission fee is Bt450 for adults and Bt280 for children. For the brave and adventurous, the aquarium also offers a ‘Dive with the Sharks Program’ where you can scuba dive in our Oceanarium side by side with sharks and rays. Siam Ocean World also features a state-of-the-art 4D theatre, “Sanyo 4D Xventure” that will excite your senses with unexpected surprises. 4D movie ticket is available at Bt250 and opens daily from 10.30 a.m. to 8.30 p.m. (last show). A visit to Siam Ocean World is truly a memorable experience and a must do when you are in Bangkok. Open: Daily from 9 a.m.to 10 p.m. Admission: Adult 450 baht; Child 280 baht Tel: 0 2687 2000.

Crocodile Farm & Zoo This place is the largest crocodile farm in the world and is certainly worth visiting, if not just to see the crocodile wrestling and acrobat elephant shows. There is an education and research center for the preservation of wildlife and also a dinosaur museum. A fun day out for all the family. Admission: 300 baht for adults, 200 baht for children Location: 30 kilometres from Bangkok in Samutprakan. Go by organised local tour, or take a taxi or car Contact: +66 (0)2 387 0020 Open: 07:00 - 18:00 (daily)

Snake Farm This snake farm is home to poisonous snakes such as: Cobras, Malayan Pit Vipers, King Cobras, Banded Kraits, to Russell Vipers but all their venom has been extracted. There is also a side-show. The old name for this attraction was the Pasteur Institute. Admission: 70 baht Location: Corner of Henry Dunant and Rama IV Roads Open: 08:30 - 16:30 (weekdays); 08:30 to 12:00 noon (Weekends & holidays) Shows Times: 11:00 and 15:30 (weekdays); 11:00 (weekends & holidays)

Bangkok Butterfly Garden & Insectarium This is a large enclosure with rockeries, shady ferns, wild flowers and a cooling waterfall - the insects' natural habitat and around 500 butterflies at any given time.

Amusement Parks

Dream World (ดรีมเวิลด์) [43] Situated at km.7 of Rangsit-Ongkharak Road, this large amusement park houses a European style plaza, miniature land of major world legends, and offer exciting rides, shows and games. Open: Weekdays from 10 a.m.to 5 p.m. Holidays from 10 a.m.to 7 p.m Admission: 450 baht Tel: 0 2533 1152.

Siam Park City (สวนสยาม) [44] Located in suburban Min Buri on Sukhaphiban 2 Road, this water amusement park contains a man-made sea with towering slides. Satellite attractions include children’s playgrounds, aviaries, an open zoo and a botanical garden. Open: Daily from 10 a.m.to 6 p.m. Admission: Adult 200 baht; Child 100 baht Tel: 0 2919 7200-19

In addition to the amusement parks as mentioned above, many leading department stores in Bangkok also provide an indoor amusement area such as Fantasia Lagoon at the Mall (Bang Khae), Tel. 0 2487 1000, The Mall (Bang Kapi), Tel. 0 2173 1000, Leo Land at Central City (Bangna), Tel. 0 2361 0888, Seacon Square (Si Nakharin), Tel. 0 2721 8888, Future Park (Bang Khae), Tel. 0 2455 0173-5, Imperial World (Samrong), Tel. 0 2756 8217-52, Fashion Island, Tel: 0 2947 5000, and so on.

Cruise

The Chao Phraya River & Bangkok’s Canals (Khlongs) Nineteenth-century Bangkok was laced with canals, giving the capital the designation ‘Venice of the East’. Surviving canals and the Chao Phraya River provide memorable vignettes of traditional waterborne way-of-life that has remained essentially unchanged over the centuries. The river and canals may be conveniently explored by chartered boat from Tha Chang (Chao Phraya Express Boat Tel: 0 2222 5330, 0 2225 3003 or www.chaophrayaboat.co.th, Mit Chao Phraya Tel: 0 2225 6179, 0 2221 2297), a pier near the Grand Palace, or Tha Si Phraya (Si Phraya Boat Trip.Co.th Tel: 0 2235 3108) near the River City Shopping Complex. Tourists can also book such a tour through travel agents.

Dinner Cruise Riverine Bangkok offers some of the capital’s most arresting sights, particularly at night when the weather is cooler and light reflections bestow the Chao Phraya River with flickering magic and romance. An ideal way of combining dining with riverine enchantment is to enjoy a river dinner cruise. Reservations, current prices, conditions and departure times may be obtained from travel agents or the following organisers: Dairy Queen Tel: 0 2921 8670-5; Grand Pearl Tel: 0 2861 0255-60 ; Horizon Cruise Tel: 0 2236 7777 ; Khanab Nam Tel: 0 2433 6611 ; Loy Nava Tel: 0 2437 4932, 0 2437 7329 www.loynava.com ; Maeyanang Tel: 0 2659 9000 ext. 7306 ; Manohra Tel: 0 2476 0021-2 ; Riverside Tel: 0 2883 158 ; Wan Fah Tel: 0 2622 7657-61 ext. 405 and Yok Yor Marina Tel: 0 2863 0565-6.

Cruise to Ayutthaya The luxurious cruise from Bangkok to the former capital of Ayutthaya is operated by Chao Phraya Princess Cruise Tel: 0 2860 3700, Horizon Cruise Tel: 0 2236 7777, River Sun Cruise Tel: 0 2266 9316, 0 2266 9125-6, Manohra Tel: 0 2476 0021-2, Grand Pearl Tel: 0 2861 0255-60 and Asian Oasis (on the Mekhala) http://www.asian-oasis.com Tel: 02 655 6245 (start at 2:30PM from Wat Yannawa in Bangkok, arrives next day 10:00AM in Bang-Pa In or the other way round, same time).

Cruise to Nonthaburi A budget tour to Ko Kret, Nonthaburi is operated every Saturday and Sunday by Chao Phraya Express Boat Tel: 0 2222 5330, 0 2225 3003 or www.chaophrayaboat.co.th

Photos from Bangkok, Thailand

Most major roads, trains and planes in Thailand lead to Bangkok.

By plane

Bangkok now has two airports operating. Allow at least three hours to connect between them.

Suvarnabhumi Airport

Located 30 kilometres (19 miles) to the east of Bangkok, space-age Suvarnabhumi Airport (สุวรรณภูมิ), pronounced "soo-wanna-poom", (IATA: BKK) (ICAO: VTBS) [2] started operations in September 2006 and is now Bangkok's main airport, used by all international flights as well as all Bangkok Airways (PG), Air Asia (FD), SGA Airline (5E), PBair (9Q) and Thai Airways domestic flights with three-digit flight numbers (eg. TG123). There is only one terminal building, which covers both domestic and international flights, but it's huge (by some measures the world's largest) so allow time for getting around.

Suvarnabhumi offers all facilities expected of a major international airport (transit hotel, ATMs, money exchange). The cheapest place to eat is the Magic food court on Level 1, near Gate 8, while perhaps the most comfortable and relaxing of the airport's restaurants and cafes is the Sky Lounge on the 6th floor. Here you can have your latte while sitting in plush leather sofas and enjoying a panoramic view over the runways - prices are also quite reasonable with coffee around 70 baht a cup. The observation lounge on 7th is not much to see since the steel structure of the roof blocks most of the airport view. There are a few stores in the check-in area including a convenience store and a post office; however, the real shopping experience awaits travellers on the other side of immigration in the departure lounge area, where the number of shops and duty free outlets leaves you wondering if you are in a mall or an airport. Beware though, that past security in the gate waiting area, there are no services except toilets and seating.

Transportation

Limousine taxis (which charge by distance, e.g. around 800 baht to central Sukhumvit) can be reserved at the limousine hire counter on the 2nd floor (just outside Arrivals), and aggressive touts will try to entice you on board. If you allow yourself to be waylaid by one of the taxi touts they might quote you more than double the fare that an ordinary metered taxi would charge (900 baht instead of 400, for example). You'd be silly even acknowledging their existence - walk straight past them.

A better option are the ordinary metered taxis available on the 2nd floor. Follow the "public taxi" signs that lead to the outside of the airport premises, queue up and state your destination at the desk, and you'll get a slip with your destination written in Thai on it. There is a 50-baht surcharge on the meter, meaning that trips to the city will cost 250-400 baht (plus 2 expressway toll of 45 & 20 Baht) and take 40-60 minutes depending on traffic/location. (Beware of taxi drivers who claim that the 50 baht surcharge is applied to each passenger as opposed to per taxi.) If there is a huge taxi queue, consider taking a free shuttle bus to the Public Transport Centre, which has more taxis. Go straight to the official "Taxi Stand" and wait there.

There is also a stop outside the 1st floor exit for Airport Express buses [3], which charge a flat 150 baht and operate hourly from 7 AM until midnight, covering four routes, each taking about 60 to 90 minutes:

AE1: Suvarnabhumi-Silom
AE2: Suvarnabhumi-Khao San Road
AE3: Suvarnabhumi-Sukhumvit
AE4: Suvarnahhumi-Victory Monument-Hua Lamphong (train station)

The BMTA public bus lines are:

549: Suvarnabhumi-Bangkapi
550: Suvarnabhumi-Happy Land
551: Suvarnabhumi-Victory Monument (BTS)
552: Suvarnabhumi-On Nut (BTS)-Klong Toei
552A: Suvarnabhumi-Sam Rong
553: Suvarnabhumi-Samut Phrakan
554: Suvarnabhumi-Don Muang Airport
555: Suvarnabhumi-Rangsit (Expressway)
556: Suvarnabhumi-Southern Bus Terminal (Expressway)
559: Suvarnabhumi-Rangsit (Outer Ring Road)

To give an example, the fare between Suvarnabhumi and On Nut BTS station on the 552 is 32 baht, and the journey (On Nut to the airport) takes about 40 minutes in mid-afternoon traffic.

There are also privately-owned BMTA minivans to many parts of Bangkok, such as Don Muang Airport, Bang Kapi, Rangsit, Samut Prakarn, etc. They charge in flat rate 50 baht.

To take a minivan or a public bus, you must first take a free shuttle bus ride (from the outside 2nd floor) to the separate terminal (Public Transport Center). The minivans go directly to the destination, so they are faster than the public buses, which stop frequently along the way.

These services take about 1 hour to 2 hours depending on Bangkok traffic and frequency is usually every 20 mins during daytime and night time ranges from 20 mins to 1 hour depending on route. Long-distance 1st class bus services connect Suvarnabhumi directly with Chachoengsao, Nong Khai, Pattaya, Rayong, and Trat.

An airport express train to the future City Air Terminal at Makkasan (connecting to MRT Phetchaburi) and onward to Phaya Thai (connecting to BTS Phaya Thai) is under construction, but is not expected to be ready before mid-2009 at the earliest. Die-hard rail fans with lots of time to kill can take bus 517 to Hua Takhe station (15 baht), a few km from the airport, and continue on any 3rd class train to Asok or Hualamphong (7 baht).

Accommodation

At present, there are only a few hotels located near Suvarnabhumi Airport, though with huge construction projects planned for the area this will change over the next few years. Day room facilities for transit passengers are now available at the 'Miracle Grand Louis Tavern' on floor 4, Concourse G (Tel+66 6 317-2211, 2000 baht per 4-hour block, no reservations accepted). Cheapskate travellers looking for a free quiet place to doze undisturbed at night should head for the prayer rooms.

The Tourist Authority of Thailand and other hotel and tourist agencies have counters on the second floor of the main terminal. These agencies offer hotel reservation service. Check for special promotions and also whether the hotel offers airport pick up and drop off service - especially useful for late night arrivals and early morning departures.

JL Bangkok, 5 Soi Ramkhamhaeng 23, Ramkhamhaeng Road, Tel:+66 2 369 2407-9 email: sales@jlbangkok.com [4] 20-30 minutes drive from the Suvarnhabhumi Airport. Close to night market and malls. Free high speed wireless internet. Rooms from Baht 900/night.

Novotel Suvarnabhumi Airport Hotel, Suvarnabhumi Airport, ☎ +66 2 131-1111 (res@novotelsuvarnabhumi.com), [5]. The only hotel in the airport itself, connected to the main airport terminal by a pedestrian bridge, the Novotel is very nice and, by Thai standards, very pricey. 3,500+ baht. edit

Thong Ta Resort, On Nut, Suvarnabhumi, Lat Krabang e-mail info@siamairportmotel.com [6]. The resort is only 10 minutes from Suvarnabhumi Airport. Situated near a vibrant restaurant/bar parade. Rooms 800Bt+ (inclusive of American Breakfast).

Queen's Garden Resort, 44 Soi 7, Suvarnabhumi, Lat Krabang Fax: +66 2 172 6114, e-mail info@queensgardenresort.net [7]. The hotel is just 5-10 minutes from Suvarnabhumi Airport. Located on the banks of a sleepy river, the resort has views towards Lat Krabang Temple. Features wireless high speed internet, big screen TV, pool table, restaurant and beer garden. Rooms 900+ baht.

Royal Princess Srinakarin, 905 Moo 6, Srinakarin Road, Nongbon, Pravet, tel:+66 2 728-400. Fax:721- 8432. A 20-30 minute drive from airport. Rooms from 3,500+ baht.

Sananwan Palace, 18/11 moo 11. Sukapibarn Road 5 , Bangpli Yai tel:+66 2 752-1658 (Mobile) +66 818644615. Family-owned budget accommodation with swimming pool, TV and high speed internet about 20 minutes drive from the airport. Rooms with A/C: 600 baht.

Grand Inn Come Hotel, 99 Moo 6, Kingkaew Road, Rachataeva, Bangplee, Samutprakan, ☎ +66 2 738-8191-3. About a 15-20 minute drive from the airport. Bus 553 stops here. 1,200 - 2,000 baht. edit

Avana Hotel, 23/1 Moo 12 Soi 14/1, Bangna-Trad Road. Tel:+66 2 763-2900. 3-star hotel about 30 minutes drive from the airport. Rooms 1,200 to 3,000 baht.

Nasa Vegas Hotel[8]. 44 Ramkhamhaeng Road. Tel :+66 2 719-9888 Fax:+66 2 719-9899 - About 15 mins drive from the new airport. Rooms from 590 + baht.

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