
Inhabited since the Middle Ages, Vilnius has always been a multinational city. Per the 1916 census, the population was made up as follows: 54% Polish, 41% Jewish, 2% Russian, and 2% Lithuanian. Per the 2001 census, the population was 57.8% Lithuanians, 18.7% Poles, 14% Russians, 4.0% Belarusians, 1.3% Ukrainians and 0.5% Jews. During World War II, 80,000 Jews from Vilnius were murdered by the Nazis Germans and the locals, at the forest of Ponar (Paneriai) and other nearby places. After the war, the Soviet government expelled most of the remaining Polish population and replaced them with people from Lithuania, Russia and Ukraine.
Throughout the year, there are a variety of cultural, music, cinema, theatre, art, and fashion festivals taking place.
Vilnius is one of the most visited cities in Eastern Europe. In 1994, the Old Town of Vilnius was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Vilnius International Airport (IATA: VNO), Rodunios kelias 10a, +370 5 273 9305, [3] is a small airport but is the largest airport in Lithuania.
The following airlines oeprate to and from Vilnius International Aiport:
Aer Lingus (Dublin, London-Gatwick), Aerosvit Airlines (Kiev-Boryspil), airBaltic (Amsterdam, Berlin-Tegel, Copenhagen, Dublin, Hamburg, London-Gatwick, Munich, Oslo-Gardermoen, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Riga, Rome-Fiumicino, Tallinn), Austrian Airlines (Vienna), Brussels Airlines (Brussels), Czech Airlines (Prague), Donbassaero (Kiev-Boryspil), Estonian Air (Amsterdam, Tallinn), Finnair (Helsinki), LOT Polish Airlines (Warsaw), Lufthansa (Frankfurt), Norwegian Air Shuttle (Oslo-Gardermoen), Scandinavian Airlines (Copenhagen), Skyways Express (Stockholm-Arlanda), Star1 Airlines (Dublin, Edinburgh, Girona, London-Stansted, Milan-Malpensa), UTair Aviation (Moscow-Vnukovo), and Yamal Airlines (Moscow-Domodedovo).
The airport (Oro Uostas in Lithuanian) is located 6km south of the city center. Bus #2 goes from the airport to the city center, continuing on to Šeškinė. Bus #1 will take you to the rail and bus stations (Stosis in Lithuanian), located next to each other [4]. The bus ride to the center takes 15 minutes and buses depart from the airport every 10-15 minutes. Tickets can be purchased from the driver for 2.50 LTL. Alternatively, you can take a train from the airport to the main train station for 2.50 LTL. The train ride takes 7 minutes, but trains depart every ~45 minutes [5]. A taxi from airport to city center costs 20-30 LTL. Calling taxi by phone will usually be cheaper than taking one off the street, but do not expect any English speaking drivers.
An alternative is to fly to airports in other nearby cities such as Kaunas (2 hours from Vilnius), Palanga (5 hours from Vilnius), or Riga (4.5 hours from Vilnius)
Trains [6] from major destinations serve Vilnius Railway Station, located just south of the city center. One train per day runs to Daugavpils, Latvia. One train per day to Warsaw with a change of train in Sestokai, near the border.
Motorways serve Vilnius from Kaunas and Panevezys. The modern four-lane motorways and main roads are in a very good state, however, in the winter smaller roads are not cleared. The speed-limit is 130 kph on the motorways (110 kph in winter), but 100 kph on the Vilnius-Kaunas sector, 90 kph outside towns and 50 kph in town.
The bus station is located across the street from the main train station. A schedule of all regional buses is posted near the ticket window.
You can find some schedules for regional buses here [7]
There are no boat connections to Vilnius as the city is located inland.
A single ticket for either bus or trolley use (same ticket works for either bus or trolley) costs 2.50 LTL if you buy it from the driver or 2.00 LTL if you buy it from a the newspaper kiosk. You may also catch a private bus, which costs 2.00 LTL and is a bit faster. There is a 50% discount for students and elderly people, both in public and private buses.
See [8] for more information and schedules.
A van-taxi is faster than the bus and will cost 3 LTL at most. A regular cab may cost about 15-20 LTL if you need to get from periphery of the city to the center. You should always call a taxi by phone, even if you see a taxi on the street nearby. Street taxis charge as much as twice the price as taxis called by phone.
Traveling by car is not advised during rush hour (about 5 PM), as there are huge traffic jams in many places, especially in the centre.
Bicycle lovers will be a bit disappointed, because in the centre it may be hard to find bicycle tracks to travel around the old town. In the periphery, moreover, the surface is sometimes a bit too steep to cycle. For information on renting a bicycle or trail information, visit [9].
The Old Town is not very large and can be easily walked by foot.
ATMs are very common in Vilnius.
Vilnius is famous for its amber, wool socks and hats, and flaxware
Vilnius is one of the most stylish cities of Europe. Upscale retailers include Hugo Boss, Armani, Escada, Dolce & Gabbana, John Richmond, ZARA, United Colors of Benetton, and Mango. There are also some young local designer butiques in Stikliu street. Pilles gatve is where you can find touristy souvenirs.
In addition to the restaurants listed below, almost all of the bars in Vilnius serve reasonably priced good quality food.
The most popular local beer is Svyturys, meaning lighthouse. Available in lots of different styles but "Ekstra" is probably the best. The other brands of beer include Kalnapilis, Tauro, and Utenos. All of them are variations on the theme of bog-standard euro-lager.
Lithuanian vodka (Lithuanian "degtine") is of excellent quality. The brand 'Lithuanian Vodka' is quite popular. The gold is the premium version. Cranberry is also nice.
Drink Carefully as most bars will politely ask you to leave if they notice that you appear drunk (staggering, yelling, grabbing strangers). Falling asleep in bars is not tolerated. If you break a glass, many places will expect to be repaid for it on the spot but its usually a very reasonable price.
Smoking is banned in all public places. However, a number of nightclubs have internal smoke rooms; the ventilation can be of variable quality. If you leave a club to smoke outside, make sure you get stamped and get eye contact from the bouncers so you won't have problems getting back in. It can be a good idea to show the bouncer your cigarette or cigarette packet, before exiting the premises.