
Cork is the anglicised version of the Irish word Corcaigh, which means marsh. The city centre was originally built on marshland and boats were able to navigate into the channels which separated the many islands. Many of the wider streets, such as Patrick Street, the South Mall and the Grand Parade, are actually built on former river channels.
The center of the city forms an arrow-shaped island between the North and South channels of the River Lee. There are upwards of thirty bridges over the two channels. This, combined with the one-way traffic system, can make the centre a little bit confusing for first-time visitors. The River Lee flows from West to East, and outside of the centre, hills rise steeply to the Northside, while the Southside is flatter. St. Anne's Church watches over Shandon, just to the North of the river. The University is about 2 kms to the west of the centre.
The Train Station is about 1 km to the East of the centre. Shops and Stores are generally concentrated around Patrick Street, Oliver Plunkett Street, Paul Street and North Main Street. Bars and Restaurants can be found everywhere, but especially around MacCurtain Street, Washington Street and Oliver Plunkett Street. Financial businesses are centred on the area around the South Mall and the Administrative heart of the city is on Anglesea Street.
The patron Saint of Cork, Saint Finbar (c.550-c.620) founded a monastery on the south bank of the River Lee approximately 1,400 years ago. A settlement grew up around this monastery and was added to (and ransacked) by Viking invaders during the ninth and tenth centuries. The town grew and the Norman King Henry II, who had been given Ireland by Pope Adrian IV (the only English Pope), gave Cork city status in 1185.
Cork slowly grew during the late middle ages, developing into a crowded, walled city, centered around North and South Main Streets. The city enjoyed a golden age of sorts during the seventeenth century providing butter to ships which plied the North Atlantic. During this period the city expanded and many Italianate residences were built on the hills to the North - in Sunday's Well and Montenotte. Progress stalled during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries due to the Famine and the ongoing struggle for independence which culminated in the city center being burned by the black-and-tans amongst others.
After a sluggish start following independence, the city grew substantially during the latter half of the twentieth century. Currently, as a result of the Celtic Tiger phenomenon, development is having a profound effect on all aspects of the city, including its appearance - mostly for the better. From a small merchant town, Cork has grown into a cosmopolitan and vibrant city that, within the Republic of Ireland, is second only to Dublin in size and importance.
Statio Bene Fide Carinis' – "A safe Harbour for ships" is the motto of the city that is found on the coat of arms.
In recent years Cork has developed a slightly separatist mentality [3] when compared to other parts of Ireland. This is most evident in colloquial speech (Cork Slang) [4] and references to Ireland's capital, Dublin. This been a source of pride by some Cork people; however many dispute the notion, saying that its people need to culturally wake up. [5]
Cork has a thriving cultural scene that was acknowledged internationally when it was named the European Capital of Culture for 2005. Several festivals are held annually in the city giving the visitor an opportunity to experience a wide range of music, theatre and film.
Mid June - Mid July. (See http://www.corkfestival.com)
Cork is situated on the second largest natural harbour in the world (Sydney harbour being the largest). Cork Harbour offers both roll on / roll off and lift on / lift off services. In terms of car ferries, Cork Harbour is connected with Roscoff and Swansea. There is a weekly ferry service to Roscoff which is offered by Brittany Ferries. The Cork-Swansea ferry service was suspended in 2007 for lack of a suitable vessel, but it is hoped the service will be reinstated in 2008.
Cork International Airport (IATA: ORK) is the 3rd largest airport in the Republic of Ireland after Dublin and Shannon Airport, and fourth on the island of Ireland. The airport is located 8km away from Cork City on the Kinsale Road and as such has excellent links to the city of Cork. The destinations available from Cork Airport are mainly European with a focus on internal flights and flights to the UK.
The airport is also served by taxi.There is a taxi rank located outside the arrivals entrance. Taxis to the city centre cost around €20 and can carry 4 to 8 passengers. Fares for longer journeys are reasonably priced and negotiable.
Among the main scheduled passenger operators out of Cork Airport are Aer Arran, Aer Lingus, Air Southwest, BMI Baby, Centralwings, Jet2.com, Malév, Ryanair, SkyEurope and WizzAir. There are a large number of operators offering chartered flights to some of the most popular holiday destinations around Europe:
Lorient, Malaga, Manchester, Munich, Newcastle upon Tyne, Nice, Paris, Plymouth, Prague, Rome, Southampton, Warsaw.
See this page on the Cork Airport official website for the current list of direct destinations: Direct destinations from Cork Airport [2]
Cork City boasts an excellent train service that provides easy and direct access to all the cities many of the larger towns in Ireland through Kent Station. The train service in Ireland is operated by Irish Rail who provide rail services from Cork to Tralee, and Dublin. All other major cities are accessible through connecting trains.
Trains in Ireland can be expensive by comparison by other modes of transport. A single adult ticket from Dublin to Cork costs €31. By booking online, you can reserve particular seats including first class seats. The Irish rail network is undergoing a significant upgrading in terms of both infrastructure and rolling stock.
Three lines operate from Kent Station in Cork City:
1. Suburban train to Cobh; serving: Little Island, Glounthane, Fota, Carrigaloe, Rushbrooke, Cobh.
2. National route to Tralee; serving: Mallow, Banteer, Millstreet, Rathmore, Killarney, Farranfore, Tralee.
3. National route to Dublin; serving: Mallow, Charleville, Limerick Junction, Thurles, Templemore, Ballybrophy, Portlaoise, Portarlington, Kildare, Dublin Heuston.
The main nationwide bus carrier in Ireland is Bus Eireann who offer an express bus from Dublin to Cork every two hours. Similar express direct bus services exist between Cork and Waterford (hourly) and Cork with Limerick and Galway (hourly).
The road network in Ireland has over recent years been the subject of unprecedented investment. The M7 and N8 which joins Cork to Dublin is now a high quality road. Today a drive from Dublin to Cork will take roughly 3hours 30minutes depending on traffic. By 2010 large sections of the M8 will be expanded to motorway standard. Similarly other road networks from Cork have been improved, including the N20 which joins Cork with Limerick through Mallow.
Car rental services in Cork mainly operate out of Cork Airport. The close proximity of Cork Airport to Cork City means that this is not as inconvenient as it might appear, particularly when the excellent bus and taxi services are included. Below are the car rental companies listed on the Cork Airport Website as having locations at Cork Airport:
Walk. Cork has a small city centre. A visitor will most likely be staying, eating, drinking and touring in the city centre. Taxis are plentiful (except for late Friday and Saturday nights, when demand exceeds supply). There is a bus service to the residential suburbs. Most buses leave from the main street, Patrick's Street or the nearby bus station at Parnell Place.
A guided bus tour departs from near the junction of Grand Parade and South Mall at regular intervals and provides an interesting tour of the main highlights of Cork for those who do not have a lot of time on their hands.
TAXI: There are numerous Taxi ranks located throughout cork city, fares are calculated on a meter and all taxis are the same price. Fares are also negotiable for longer out of town trips. Most drivers also offer fixed priced guided tours.(See http://www.taxiregulator.ie)